Synodontis multipunctatus (Cuckoo Catfish)

Introduction: Welcome to the fascinating world of the Synodontis Multipunctatus, also known as the Cuckoo Catfish. This remarkable freshwater species is known for its unique breeding behavior, which involves parasitizing the nests of mouthbrooding cichlids, earning it the nickname “Cuckoo.” Native to the rocky shorelines of Lake Tanganyika in East Africa, the Synodontis Multipunctatus is a popular choice among aquarists due to its intriguing behavior, hardy nature, and attractive spotted appearance.

Scientific Name: The Synodontis Multipunctatus is scientifically known as Synodontis multipunctatus. It is a member of the Mochokidae family, which includes a variety of “squeaker” catfish species known for the sounds they produce.

Water Quality and Temperature: To provide the best environment for the Synodontis Multipunctatus, maintain the following water parameters:

• Temperature: Keep the temperature between 72°F to 80°F (22°C to 27°C) for optimal health.
• pH Level: Maintain a pH level between 7.5 and 8.5, replicating the alkaline waters of Lake Tanganyika.
• GH Level: Aim for a general hardness (GH) level between 10 to 20 dGH to match their natural habitat.
• KH Level: Maintain the carbonate hardness (KH) within the range of 8 to 12 dKH for stability.

Feeding: The Synodontis Multipunctatus is an omnivorous scavenger with a varied diet. To keep them healthy and vibrant, provide a balanced diet that includes:

• Sinking Pellets: High-quality sinking pellets designed for catfish or bottom-dwellers.
• Live or Frozen Foods: Such as bloodworms, brine shrimp, and daphnia to provide essential protein.
• Vegetables: Offer blanched vegetables like zucchini, cucumber, and spinach occasionally for added fiber.
• Algae Wafers: Include algae wafers in their diet to supplement their plant-based nutritional needs.

Tank Mates: The Synodontis Multipunctatus is generally peaceful and can coexist well with other African cichlids and similarly sized tank mates. They are best suited for aquariums with other Lake Tanganyika species, including cichlids like Julidochromis, Neolamprologus, and Tropheus. Avoid keeping them with small, delicate fish that may be intimidated by their active nature. They also do well in groups of their own kind, which can help reduce any potential aggression.

Substrates and Tank Decorations: A soft, sandy substrate is ideal for the Synodontis Multipunctatus, allowing them to dig and forage comfortably. The tank should be decorated with plenty of rocks, caves, and crevices to provide hiding spots and mimic their natural rocky habitat. These catfish are nocturnal and will appreciate dim lighting or shaded areas created by overhanging rocks or plants. Driftwood can also be added to the tank, as it offers additional hiding spots and a more natural environment.

Suitable Plants: Given their native habitat in Lake Tanganyika, which is sparse in plant life, live plants are not essential for the Synodontis Multipunctatus. However, hardy species like Anubias or Java Fern, which can be attached to rocks or driftwood, can be included to enhance the tank’s appearance. Ensure that the plants are securely anchored to prevent uprooting by the catfish’s digging behavior.

Sexing: Sexing Synodontis Multipunctatus can be challenging due to the subtle differences between males and females. Generally, females tend to be slightly larger and more rounded, especially when carrying eggs. Males may have a more slender and streamlined body shape. Observing the fish during breeding attempts can also help differentiate between the sexes, as males tend to be more active in courting.

Breeding: Breeding Synodontis Multipunctatus is a unique process due to their parasitic breeding behavior. In the wild, they deposit their eggs among the eggs of mouthbrooding cichlids. The cichlid then unknowingly incubates and hatches the catfish eggs along with its own. To breed them in captivity, they are best kept with compatible mouthbrooding cichlids. The Synodontis Multipunctatus will time their egg-laying to coincide with the cichlid’s spawning, ensuring their eggs are taken in by the cichlid for incubation. The catfish fry typically hatch faster and will consume the cichlid fry, ensuring their survival.

Maximum Size and Longevity: The Synodontis Multipunctatus can grow up to 8 to 10 inches (20 to 25 cm) in length. With proper care, they can live up to 15 years or more, making them a long-term and engaging addition to your aquarium.

General Information: The Synodontis Multipunctatus is a highly sought-after species in the aquarium hobby, not only for its distinctive breeding behavior but also for its attractive spotted pattern and active nature. It is a robust and adaptable fish that can thrive in a well-maintained aquarium with the right water conditions and tank mates.

A Fun Fact: The Synodontis Multipunctatus is often referred to as the “Cuckoo Catfish” due to its unique parasitic breeding strategy, which mirrors the behavior of the cuckoo bird, known for laying its eggs in the nests of other birds. This fascinating behavior adds an extra layer of interest to keeping these catfish in a home aquarium.